{"id":358,"date":"2026-03-26T17:14:47","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T21:14:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/techrevlac.org\/?p=358"},"modified":"2026-06-04T10:20:52","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T14:20:52","slug":"como-chile-construyo-las-exportaciones-de-cobre-y-salmon-1980-2010","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/techrevlac.org\/es\/blog\/how-chile-built-copper-and-salmon-exports-1980-2010\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f3mo Chile construy\u00f3 sus exportaciones de cobre y salm\u00f3n 1980-2010"},"content":{"rendered":"

Entre 1980 y 2010, Chile pas\u00f3 de una econom\u00eda vol\u00e1til y dependiente del cobre a una plataforma de exportaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s compleja, todav\u00eda anclada en el cobre pero complementada por una industria acu\u00edcola de salm\u00f3n de importancia mundial. El principal desaf\u00edo pol\u00edtico no fue simplemente \u201caumentar las exportaciones\u201d, sino convertir un flujo de renta del cobre altamente vol\u00e1til en una capacidad fiscal estable, al tiempo que se desarrollaban nuevos sectores transables capaces de competir en mercados exigentes. La experiencia de Chile es relevante en toda Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe porque destaca dos problemas de dise\u00f1o que se repiten en entornos ricos en recursos: c\u00f3mo construir colchones macrofiscales cre\u00edbles antes de que el auge alcance su punto m\u00e1ximo y c\u00f3mo crear un sector en el que los inversores privados no asuman inicialmente el riesgo tecnol\u00f3gico y de entrada al mercado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esta publicaci\u00f3n desglosa la transformaci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s de tres enfoques: (1) c\u00f3mo cambi\u00f3 el \u201cecosistema humano\u201d de Chile en t\u00e9rminos de existencias\/flujos de capital, instituciones y ciclos sociales, (2) qu\u00e9 impuls\u00f3 los cambios a trav\u00e9s de mecanismos de variaci\u00f3n-selecci\u00f3n-difusi\u00f3n y (3) qu\u00e9 hizo el Estado, especialmente en la normativa fiscal, la arquitectura del mercado y la cat\u00e1lisis de la innovaci\u00f3n. Un objetivo pr\u00e1ctico es visibilizar los mecanismos (reglas, secuenciaci\u00f3n, incentivos y capacidades estatales), incluyendo d\u00f3nde el modelo econ\u00f3mico utilizado impuso costos, m\u00e1s claramente en el retraso regulatorio y la crisis de enfermedades del sector salmonero. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cambios en los ecosistemas humanos: capital, instituciones y ciclos<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

El cambio m\u00e1s notable en los stocks y flujos de capital fue la escala. La producci\u00f3n de cobre pas\u00f3 de aproximadamente 1 mill\u00f3n de toneladas m\u00e9tricas (1980) a m\u00e1s de 5,4 millones (2010), lo que reforz\u00f3 el papel de Chile como l\u00edder mundial en la producci\u00f3n de cobre. Paralelamente, las exportaciones de salm\u00f3n pasaron de ser pr\u00e1cticamente nulas a principios de la d\u00e9cada de 1980 a convertirse en una importante exportaci\u00f3n no tradicional. Para 2007, las exportaciones alcanzaron unos 2.300 millones de d\u00f3lares, y Chile se convirti\u00f3 en el segundo mayor productor mundial de salm\u00f3n. Los flujos macrofinancieros tambi\u00e9n se reestructuraron: a arquitectura del fondo de estabilizaci\u00f3n<\/a> Evolucion\u00f3 a partir del fondo del cobre de mediados de la d\u00e9cada de 1980 hasta convertirse en el Fondo de Estabilizaci\u00f3n Econ\u00f3mica y Social (ESSF), creado en 2007, lo que permiti\u00f3 una respuesta antic\u00edclica durante la crisis financiera mundial, incluyendo un paquete de est\u00edmulo estimado en hasta 1,49 billones de d\u00f3lares estadounidenses, de los cuales unos 1,44 billones correspond\u00edan a financiaci\u00f3n directa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Durante este periodo, hubo dos v\u00edas de desarrollo institucional que resultaron clave. En primer lugar, en el sector del cobre, Chile mantuvo una empresa estatal competente (la Corporaci\u00f3n Nacional del Cobre de Chile, CODELCO) al tiempo que dise\u00f1aba un marco legal y fiscal capaz de respaldar grandes inversiones privadas a largo plazo. En segundo lugar, en el sector del salm\u00f3n, el avance institucional consisti\u00f3 en un veh\u00edculo de innovaci\u00f3n h\u00edbrido: Fundaci\u00f3n Chile contribuy\u00f3 a la transferencia y adaptaci\u00f3n de tecnolog\u00edas de cr\u00eda en jaulas, absorbiendo la incertidumbre inicial y demostrando la viabilidad comercial antes de que se produjera una mayor participaci\u00f3n del sector privado. Con el tiempo, se form\u00f3 un ecosistema industrial de apoyo: para 2010, el cl\u00faster del salm\u00f3n inclu\u00eda m\u00e1s de 4.000 peque\u00f1as y medianas empresas (PYMES) en log\u00edstica e insumos especializados (por ejemplo, vacunas). Los resultados sociales tambi\u00e9n cambiaron: las tasas de pobreza cayeron de alrededor del 45,1 % (1987) al 11,5 % (2009), ampliando as\u00ed la resiliencia socioecon\u00f3mica nacional incluso cuando el crecimiento se mantuvo orientado a la exportaci\u00f3n<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La econom\u00eda pol\u00edtica de Chile consolid\u00f3 una \u201cdoble v\u00eda\u201d: alquileres de cobre<\/a> fueron capturadas en parte directamente a trav\u00e9s de CODELCO (responsable de una parte importante de los ingresos fiscales totales), mientras que el capital privado expandi\u00f3 la producci\u00f3n bajo reglas seguras. El sistema fiscal fue redise\u00f1ado para debilitar los ciclos de auge y ca\u00edda a trav\u00e9s de Regla de Super\u00e1vit Fiscal Estructural<\/a> y el ESSF (2007), desacoplando eficazmente el gasto interno de la volatilidad del precio del cobre. Sin embargo, el sector salmonero ilustra las consecuencias del rezago institucional en actividades basadas en recursos de r\u00e1pido crecimiento: la crisis del virus de la anemia infecciosa del salm\u00f3n (AIS) (2007-2010) provoc\u00f3 una ruptura importante que oblig\u00f3 a una actualizaci\u00f3n posterior de la gobernanza sanitaria y ambiental. El mensaje combinado es que Chile fortaleci\u00f3 los \u201camortiguadores\u201d macroecon\u00f3micos en el cobre de manera m\u00e1s temprana y sistem\u00e1tica que los amortiguadores de ecosistemas y bioseguridad en el salm\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9 impuls\u00f3 los cambios: variaci\u00f3n, selecci\u00f3n y difusi\u00f3n?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La d\u00e9cada de 1980 se caracteriza como un per\u00edodo de experimentaci\u00f3n. En miner\u00eda, la variaci\u00f3n institucional tom\u00f3 la forma de un modelo de concesi\u00f3n de alta seguridad creado por cambios a principios de los 80 en las leyes mineras y el c\u00f3digo, que introdujo \u201cconcesiones constitucionales\u201d que coexist\u00edan con la propiedad estatal. En acuicultura, la variaci\u00f3n combin\u00f3 dotaciones naturales (aguas fr\u00edas del sur) con conocimiento de producci\u00f3n importado; los primeros proyectos piloto de la Fundaci\u00f3n Chile sirvieron como experimentos estructurados que redujeron la incertidumbre sobre si el cultivo de salm\u00f3n podr\u00eda ser comercialmente viable a escala en Chile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El entorno de selecci\u00f3n de Chile no fue puramente de \u201cmercado\u201d. Para el cobre, el Decreto Ley (DL) 600 de Inversi\u00f3n Extranjera se describe como que proporciona garant\u00edas que mejoran la previsibilidad para los inversores, favoreciendo proyectos a gran escala y de uso intensivo de capital capaces de sobrellevar largos ciclos de productos b\u00e1sicos (el\u00a0Escondida<\/em>\u00a0el m\u00edo es un caso emblem\u00e1tico). Para el salm\u00f3n, la selecci\u00f3n se produjo a trav\u00e9s de una l\u00f3gica de prueba de concepto respaldada por el estado: los proyectos piloto p\u00fablicos o h\u00edbridos ayudaron a demostrar la rentabilidad, despu\u00e9s de lo cual las empresas privadas y una base de proveedores se expandieron r\u00e1pidamente. Las mismas fuerzas de selecci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n revelaron debilidades: la din\u00e1mica de las enfermedades (ISA) y el posterior endurecimiento de la regulaci\u00f3n actuaron como un duro evento de selecci\u00f3n, penalizando los modelos de crecimiento de alta densidad que hab\u00edan superado la capacidad de monitoreo y aplicaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En la gesti\u00f3n macroecon\u00f3mica, la difusi\u00f3n y la retenci\u00f3n fueron institucionales: la arquitectura del fondo de cobre evolucion\u00f3 hacia el Fondo de Estabilizaci\u00f3n Econ\u00f3mica y Social (FEES), y la regla fiscal estructural se convirti\u00f3 en una rutina para transformar rentas vol\u00e1tiles en espacio fiscal predecible. En los sectores productivos, la difusi\u00f3n tom\u00f3 la forma de aglomeraci\u00f3n y profundizaci\u00f3n de la cadena de suministro, especialmente en el salm\u00f3n, donde el conocimiento y los servicios especializados se propagaron a trav\u00e9s de un denso ecosistema regional (incluyendo miles de pymes). Es aparente una tensi\u00f3n relevante para la pol\u00edtica: Chile retuvo relativamente pronto \u201cbuenas\u201d rutinas de gobernanza fiscal. Se mantuvieron \u201cmalas\u201d rutinas en la producci\u00f3n de salm\u00f3n durante demasiado tiempo, por ejemplo, expansi\u00f3n de alta densidad con bioseguridad insuficiente, lo que aument\u00f3 la probabilidad y el costo de una crisis posterior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Estado: reglas, finanzas y aprendizaje<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La contribuci\u00f3n central del Estado fue la arquitectura de mercado. En el cobre, Chile mantuvo un ancla estatal (CODELCO) al tiempo que cre\u00f3 reglas de inversi\u00f3n cre\u00edbles y de alta seguridad para la entrada privada a trav\u00e9s de concesiones y el marco del DL 600. En pol\u00edtica macroecon\u00f3mica, el Estado adopt\u00f3 una Regla de Super\u00e1vit Fiscal Estructural (2001) para gestionar los riesgos de la \u201cenfermedad holandesa\u201d ahorrando durante los auges. Este enfoque basado en reglas import\u00f3 porque hizo expl\u00edcitos los intercambios intertemporales y limit\u00f3 las presiones de gasto pol\u00edtico a corto plazo. El resultado fue continuidad institucional<\/a> que sobrevivieron a grandes transiciones pol\u00edticas y apoyaron inversiones de larga duraci\u00f3n t\u00edpicas de la miner\u00eda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chile utiliz\u00f3 instituciones vinculadas al cobre para convertir ingresos vol\u00e1tiles en capacidad fiscal contrac\u00edclica<\/a>. La secuencia que va desde los primeros mecanismos de estabilizaci\u00f3n del cobre hasta el ESSF (2007), que respald\u00f3 el gasto durante la crisis, incluy\u00f3 el paquete de est\u00edmulo de 1,49 billones de d\u00f3lares estadounidenses anunciado durante la crisis de 2008-2009. Paralelamente, el Estado apoy\u00f3 la base productiva al facilitar inversiones en puertos, energ\u00eda e infraestructura relacionada<\/a>, ayudando tanto a la miner\u00eda privada como a la acuicultura a crecer en regiones geogr\u00e1ficamente remotas. La lecci\u00f3n de pol\u00edtica no es \u201cgastar m\u00e1s\u201d, sino \u201cgastar con colchones\u201d: los fondos de estabilizaci\u00f3n y las reglas fiscales crearon espacio para mantener la inversi\u00f3n p\u00fablica cuando las condiciones externas se deterioraron.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El caso del salm\u00f3n subraya una capacidad estatal espec\u00edfica: actuar como un \u201cemprendedor\u201d temprano cuando los inversionistas privados no financian el aprendizaje incierto. A trav\u00e9s de Fundaci\u00f3n Chile<\/a> (una iniciativa p\u00fablico-privada entre el Estado chileno y la International Telephone & Telegraph (ITT)), el Estado absorbi\u00f3 los riesgos t\u00e9cnicos y de mercado iniciales, prob\u00f3 un modelo de negocio y luego se retir\u00f3 vendiendo empresas piloto al sector privado. Esta es una opci\u00f3n de dise\u00f1o replicable para los pa\u00edses de ALC que buscan nuevos bienes comercializables: crear una instituci\u00f3n con autonom\u00eda t\u00e9cnica y un mecanismo de salida expl\u00edcito. La precauci\u00f3n es igualmente importante: la pol\u00edtica de innovaci\u00f3n no puede detenerse en el conocimiento t\u00e9cnico de producci\u00f3n. La crisis de la ISA ilustra que la ciencia regulatoria (bioseguridad, monitoreo ambiental y rutinas de aplicaci\u00f3n) debe coevolucionar con la escala industrial, o el Estado tendr\u00e1 que reconstruir el sector en condiciones de crisis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusiones pol\u00edticas para Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La experiencia de Chile sugiere que el crecimiento \u201cimpulsado por los recursos naturales\u201d no est\u00e1 predeterminado por la geolog\u00eda; est\u00e1 moldeado por decisiones institucionales sobre Gesti\u00f3n de alquileres<\/a>, reglas de mercado y la capacidad de aprendizaje del Estado. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tres conclusiones pol\u00edticas destacan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Construir amortiguadores fiscales como infraestructura central, no como un \u201cextra deseable\u201d. La arquitectura de estabilizaci\u00f3n de Chile (regla estructural m\u00e1s el ESSF) es una condici\u00f3n previa para la pol\u00edtica contrac\u00edclica en una econom\u00eda de productos b\u00e1sicos, no un complemento opcional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Utilizar instituciones h\u00edbridas para crear sectores, pero dise\u00f1ar la salida y la gobernanza. El modelo de Fundaci\u00f3n Chile muestra c\u00f3mo un veh\u00edculo p\u00fablico-privado puede reducir la incertidumbre tecnol\u00f3gica y de entrada al mercado y atraer inversi\u00f3n privada; el dise\u00f1o institucional (autonom\u00eda, capacidad t\u00e9cnica y una ruta de salida) es el elemento transferible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. No permitas que la escala de producci\u00f3n supere a la ciencia regulatoria. La r\u00e1pida expansi\u00f3n del salm\u00f3n gener\u00f3 exportaciones y aglomeraciones, pero el shock de la ISA ilustra los costos del rezago regulatorio. La gobernanza para la bioseguridad y el riesgo ambiental debe construirse desde el principio, junto con incentivos para el crecimiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para los responsables de la formulaci\u00f3n de pol\u00edticas en Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe, la implicaci\u00f3n pr\u00e1ctica es tratar la estrategia sectorial como un problema de cartera: proteger el presupuesto de la volatilidad de los productos b\u00e1sicos, utilizar instituciones espec\u00edficas y basadas en capacidades para construir nuevas exportaciones, y garantizar que la capacidad regulatoria y de supervisi\u00f3n crezca al mismo ritmo que la producci\u00f3n. La oportunidad es inmediata para los pa\u00edses que se enfrentan a nuevas bonanzas minerales o acu\u00edcolas: construir los \u201camortiguadores\u201d fiscales y regulatorios.\u201d antes<\/em> La escala hace que la reforma sea pol\u00edticamente y t\u00e9cnicamente m\u00e1s dif\u00edcil. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Between 1980 and 2010, Chile moved from a volatile, copper-dependent economy toward a more complex export platform\u2014still anchored in copper but complemented by a globally significant salmon aquaculture industry. The core policy challenge was not simply \u201cgrow exports,\u201d but to convert a highly volatile copper rent stream into stable fiscal capacity, while building new tradable […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":278841165,"featured_media":360,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1711],"tags":[1417,1438,1439,1440,1413,1373,1391],"class_list":["post-358","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research-case-study","tag-chile","tag-export-diversification","tag-fiscal-rules","tag-innovation-policy","tag-natural-resource-booms","tag-path-dependence","tag-state-capacity"],"yoast_head":"\nChile's 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Muy similar a la selecci\u00f3n natural en la biolog\u00eda, la competencia ha premiado repetidamente a las empresas, sectores y pa\u00edses con los \u201crasgos\u201d correctos \u2014capacidades, instituciones, tecnolog\u00edas\u2014, al tiempo que castiga a aquellos que no logran adaptarse. Estas fuerzas han...","rel":"","context":"En \u00abFramework Essay\u00bb","block_context":{"text":"Framework Essay","link":"https:\/\/techrevlac.org\/es\/blog\/category\/framework-essay\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Four\u2011panel image showing sugarcane cultivation, open\u2011pit mining with heavy machinery, a coastal tourism beach, and onshore wind turbines in an agricultural landscape.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/techrevlac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Screenshot-2026-03-26-at-12.20.52-PM.png?fit=1178%2C1190&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/techrevlac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Screenshot-2026-03-26-at-12.20.52-PM.png?fit=1178%2C1190&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/techrevlac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Screenshot-2026-03-26-at-12.20.52-PM.png?fit=1178%2C1190&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/techrevlac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Screenshot-2026-03-26-at-12.20.52-PM.png?fit=1178%2C1190&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/techrevlac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Screenshot-2026-03-26-at-12.20.52-PM.png?fit=1178%2C1190&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":371,"url":"https:\/\/techrevlac.org\/es\/blog\/the-discipline-behind-the-miracle-learning-from-taiwan-and-korea\/","url_meta":{"origin":358,"position":5},"title":"La Disciplina Detr\u00e1s del Milagro: Aprendiendo de Taiw\u00e1n y Corea","author":"Graham Watkins","date":"marzo 26, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Muchas pol\u00edticas industriales comparten un defecto com\u00fan: est\u00e1n dise\u00f1adas para el \u00e9xito y no est\u00e1n preparadas para el fracaso. Los subsidios se extienden, la protecci\u00f3n se vuelve permanente y los bancos de desarrollo acumulan riesgo sin un plan claro de salida. La experiencia de Taiw\u00e1n y Corea del Sur entre aproximadamente 1955 y 1990 ofrece un modelo estructuralmente diferente. En uno...","rel":"","context":"En \u00abPolicy Brief\u00bb","block_context":{"text":"Policy Brief","link":"https:\/\/techrevlac.org\/es\/blog\/category\/policy-brief\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Diagram comparing the Korea model of industrial development centered on large firms supported by directed credit with the Taiwan model based on networks of small and medium enterprises linked through subcontracting and technology institutes.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/techrevlac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Screenshot-2026-03-26-at-5.24.38-PM.png?fit=1162%2C522&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/techrevlac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Screenshot-2026-03-26-at-5.24.38-PM.png?fit=1162%2C522&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/techrevlac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Screenshot-2026-03-26-at-5.24.38-PM.png?fit=1162%2C522&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/techrevlac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Screenshot-2026-03-26-at-5.24.38-PM.png?fit=1162%2C522&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/techrevlac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Screenshot-2026-03-26-at-5.24.38-PM.png?fit=1162%2C522&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/techrevlac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Screenshot-2026-03-26-at-5.10.44-PM.png?fit=1182%2C790&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/techrevlac.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/358","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/techrevlac.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/techrevlac.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/techrevlac.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/278841165"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/techrevlac.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=358"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/techrevlac.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/358\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1232,"href":"https:\/\/techrevlac.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/358\/revisions\/1232"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/techrevlac.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/360"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/techrevlac.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=358"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/techrevlac.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=358"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/techrevlac.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=358"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u00a1Bien jugado!","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}